Dr. Anastasia Fomichova, a cardiovascular disease specialist, revealed the symptoms that indicate an approaching heart attack.
In an interview with Gazeta.Ru, the doctor indicated that myocardial infarction is necrosis in an area of the heart muscle due to insufficient oxygen reaching it, which requires providing medical assistance to the injured person. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the early symptoms of an approaching heart attack, to seek help in a timely manner.
She says: “Myocardial infarction occurs in most cases, due to sudden blood clotting, blockage of the coronary artery and insufficient blood supply, which leads to tissue damage. These changes can be reversible through percutaneous surgical intervention within 60-90 minutes.” "From a seizure. Therefore, it is very important to seek medical help in a timely manner."
According to statistics, myocardial infarction occurs more often in men (about 5 times) than in women, especially in young and middle-aged people. Before myocardial infarction, typical and atypical symptoms can be felt. Typical symptoms include: severe chest pain, shortness of breath, tachycardia, palpitations, low blood pressure, bradycardia. The atypical symptoms of myocardial infarction are: severe weakness. Sweating. Nausea and vomiting, stomach pain, choking and coughing, loss of consciousness, anxiety and fear of death.
The sufferer can describe his pain during the acute period of a heart attack, as follows - the presence of an iron collar with a heavy plate lying on the chest, a fire in the chest, the feeling of boiling water being poured on his chest, the pain of a knife stab.
She says: “These sensations can spread to the neck, lower jaw, left arm, under the left shoulder blade, and in the upper abdomen, and do not go away with rest and after taking nitroglycerin. The symptoms can be periodic, lasting for 20 minutes. They may last for several minutes.” hours".
The specialist points out that some patients can develop abnormal forms of myocardial infarction and even silent ischemia. For example, diabetic patients suffer from weak muscle innervation and decreased pain sensitivity.
Childhood trauma increases the risk of developing one of the leading causes of disability in the world
Researchers have shown that physical, sexual or emotional abuse or neglect, either alone or in combination with other childhood traumas, increases the risk of chronic pain and related disability in adulthood.
These new findings underscore the urgent need to address adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), potentially traumatic events that occur before the age of 18, and take steps to mitigate their long-term impact on health.
The study reviews research conducted over 75 years, covering 826,452 adults, and reveals that those exposed to various forms of traumatic events in childhood are at greater risk of developing chronic pain and pain-related disability in adulthood, especially those who have been exposed to physical abuse.
The cumulative effect of exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) exacerbates this risk.
Lead author of the study, Dr Andre Bussiere, from the School of Physical and Occupational Therapy at McGill University in Canada, said: “These findings are very worrying, especially since more than a billion children, half of the world’s population, are exposed to adverse childhood experiences every year, putting them at increased risk. "For chronic pain and disability later in life. There is an urgent need to develop targeted interventions and support systems to break the cycle of adversity and improve long-term health outcomes for those individuals who have been exposed to childhood trauma."
Cases of adverse childhood experiences may affect the child or adolescent directly through physical, sexual, or emotional abuse or neglect, or indirectly through exposure to environmental factors, such as domestic violence, living with a substance abuse environment, or parental loss.
Chronic pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Long-term painful conditions, such as lower back pain, arthritis, headaches, and migraines, can affect a person's daily functioning to the point that they cannot work, eat properly, or participate in physical activities.
Previous research has indicated a relationship between exposure to negative childhood experiences and chronic pain in adulthood. However, gaps remain in understanding this association.
To help address these gaps, the researchers conducted a systematic review of 85 studies. Among these studies, the results of 57 studies could be pooled in meta-analyses. They found that:
Individuals who were directly exposed to adverse childhood experiences, whether physical, sexual, emotional abuse or neglect, were 45% more likely to report chronic pain in adulthood compared to those who were not exposed to these events.
Childhood physical abuse was associated with an increased likelihood of reporting both chronic pain and pain-related disability.
The odds of reporting chronic pain or pain-related disability in adulthood increased with exposure to direct adverse childhood experiences alone, or in combination with indirect adverse childhood experiences.
The risk of reporting chronic pain in adulthood increased significantly from having one adverse childhood experience to having four or more.
Lead author Professor Jan Hartvigsen, from the University of Southern Denmark, said: “These findings underscore the urgent need to address adverse childhood experiences, especially in light of their prevalence and health implications.”
He continued: “A more precise understanding of the precise relationship between adverse childhood experiences and chronic pain will enable health care professionals and policy makers to develop targeted strategies to help reduce the long-term impact of early life adversity on adult health.”
The researchers suggest that future research should delve into the biological mechanisms through which ACEs affect health across the lifespan, with the aim of deepening understanding and developing ways to mitigate their impact.
The study was published in the European Journal of Psychotraumatology.
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