Researchers from Moscow University have created an adhesive material suitable for building roads from used materials. With its help, durable roads can be built in remote areas to which it is difficult to transport heavy construction materials.
According to the innovators, the new adhesive combines into a monolith different building materials - sand, sandy silt, clay, small stone pieces and large stones. A 40-60 mm thick block, made in this way, can easily withstand a passenger car driving over it.
In addition, the new adhesive can be used to reinforce beaches, river banks and earthen embankments, form terrain in parks, and reinforce hills and highlands for growing crops.
“There are many unpaved roads in our country,” says Professor Dmitry Ivanov, Head of the Engineering Materials Science Laboratory at Moscow University and Head of the Department of Biomaterials at Sirius University. “Moreover, it happens that because of one short section, washed away by rain or melting snow water, it becomes "This road is impassable. As a result, it is difficult to reach cities and towns by land transportation. This innovation will help solve these problems."
According to him, this glue allows for quick restoration and repair of public roads. In addition, by making a certain modification in the composition of the adhesive, a road can be built that will biodegrade itself after some time when it is no longer needed.
Will 2024 be a “milestone in climate history”?
Next year is expected to be a worrying milestone in climate history, according to UK Met Office forecasts.
Modeling predicts that 2024 could be the first year in human history to exceed the warming limit of 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 degrees Celsius).
This limit was set in the Paris Agreement and is believed to be the point at which climate change may become irreversible.
Although 2023 is set to become the warmest year yet, 2024 is already expected to break the record.
The Met Office says climate change, coupled with a large El Niño phenomenon, has contributed to the rise in temperatures.
Scientists estimate that next year's temperatures will be between 2.41°F (1.34°C) and 2.84°F (1.58°C) above the pre-industrial average.
"The forecast is in line with a continuing global warming trend of 0.2°C [0.36°F] per decade, reinforced by El Niño," says Dr. Dunstone, who led the forecast. "We expect two more years of record global temperatures in a row."
In 2015, countries agreed to stop global temperature rise beyond 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 degrees Celsius), because that is the point at which the climate begins to become dangerously unstable.
Dunston points out that a single temporary event exceeding 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 degrees Celsius) would not be considered a violation of the Paris Agreement.
However, he says this will "certainly be a milestone in climate history."
Temperatures will rise next year due to a number of factors, in addition to human-caused climate change.
In particular, an El Niño event will temporarily raise average temperatures.
An El Niño event is defined as a shift in the distribution of warm water in the Pacific Ocean. This causes weaker winds and warmer seas for a short period of time.
Professor Adam Scaife, from the Met Office, said: "In addition to El Niño, we have abnormally high temperatures in the North Atlantic and Southern Oceans, and along with climate change, these factors are responsible for new global temperature extremes."
This prediction comes against the backdrop of a series of record-breaking weather events.
This year, November was the hottest on record, the fifth record-breaking month in a row.
The Met Office says 2023 has exceeded its temperature forecast and is now certain to have been the warmest year on record.
According to the bureau's projections, 2024 will now be the 11th consecutive year that temperatures will reach 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degree Celsius) above pre-industrial levels.
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