Researchers from the University of Florida analyzed dozens of hours of table tennis matches in which humans faced off against machines and each other.
The players wore electrode caps so their brain activity could be monitored during the games.
When playing against each other, the scientists found that the players' brains worked in unison, "as if they were all speaking the same language".
But when players faced a ball-serving machine, the neurons in their brains weren't lined up in the same way, a phenomenon known as desynchronization.
"If we have 100,000 people on a football field and they're all cheering together, it's like synchronization in the brain, a sign of relaxation in the brain," said Daniel Ferris, a professor of biomedical engineering at the University of Florida. "And if we have those same 100,000 people but they're all talking." "To their friends, they are busy but out of sync. In many cases, this desynchronization is an indication that the brain is doing a lot of math instead of sitting still and idling."
The researchers said their work, published in the journal eNeuro, shows that the brain works harder when playing against bots because the machines don't provide any signals about what to do next.
Professor Ferris, one of the study's authors, said: "It will be different for humans to interact with robots than when they interact with other humans. Our long-term goal is to try to understand how the brain reacts to these differences."
The researchers said that as bots grow more common and complex, understanding how the human brain responds to an opponent's movements could allow engineers to design bots to be more natural.
“I still see a lot of value in machine training,” said Amanda Studnicki, a graduate student at the University of Florida, who was part of the research team. “But I think machines will evolve in the next 10 or 20 years, and we could see more natural behaviors that we do.” Players can practice with it."
The research has been published in the journal eNeuro.
Musk announces a new way for users to make money on the Twitter platform
American businessman Elon Musk confirmed, on Thursday, that Twitter users will be able to offer their followers content that includes videos and long texts of up to hours in exchange for financial subscriptions.
Musk indicated that users who enjoy this feature, which they can activate through settings, will get all the money paid by subscribers, except for the fees deducted by the “Android” and “iOS” systems.
Musk added that "Twitter" will not receive a percentage of the revenue in the first 12 months.
"Our goal is to maximize success for creators," Musk said, noting that Twitter will also help promote creators' work and boost profits.
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"Twitter" reverts to its original "songbird" sign
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